Capital Gains or Losses Tax

There are sure deals made by Dave in the monetary year 2015 and the job that needs to be done is to compute the capital additions or misfortunes emerging from it. He got 850,000 from the offer of his two storeyed house in St. Lucia which was bought for 70,000. This implies he made an addition of 780,000 in this deal in the event that we don’t represent the costs brought about in the commission costs. Nonetheless, the returns got by Dave from offer of his habitation at St Lucia is completely excluded from capital increases charge on the grounds that according to ATO continues from an offer of individual home are completely absolved if the individual has been living it for the length for which he/she has claimed the property and the property hasn’t been creating any assessable pay. The returns got from the relinquishment by a purchaser is additionally application for exception under capital gains as it as part the capital continues from the removal of that benefit which w as absolved due it being a fundamental living arrangement of the citizen. Consequently even the relinquished sum wont pull in any capital increases charge risk. The artwork isn't qualified for exception as nor was it bought under $500 nor was it obtained before 16 th September,1995 thus the net capital increases are available. So the net increases of 110,000 are to be burdened under capital additions charge. The figure of 110,000 dollars is the selling cost less the getting value which are 15,000 and 125,000 individually. The available sum emerged because of the advantage gave can be determined utilizing both of the two strategies endorsed by the ATO for example ordering technique or the markdown strategy whichever yields the most reduced worth subject to the limitation that it fulfills the conditions set down to utilize a specific strategy for limiting. Since the benefit has been held for over a year and since the advantage was procured before September,1999 he can apply the indexation strategy to ascertain the rebate. The indexation factor is given by CPI (Consumer Price Index) in which the deal was made isolated by the CPI for the quarter in which the underlying speculation was made. CPI esteems were acquired from the site of ATO and the indexation factor determined to the fourth decimal point is gotten as 2.6952. Since the deal was made in 3 rd quarter 1985 the indexation factor for this was 39.7 and that for the deal was 2 nd quarter 2015 for which the indexation factor was 107.Hence the expense of the composition would be expanded by that factor to get the capital increase. Consequently now capital addition would be 84,572 as the expense for ascertaining capital increase would be 40,428 dollars which is 15,000 duplicated by the ordering factor. In any case, the markdown factor gives a superior outcome as under the rebate strategy the capital increases are limited by half subsequently under this technique capital additions would be 55,000 dollars which is the net increases of 110,000 limited by half. Since the markdown technique gives the better outcome which for this situation is the lower esteem we would utilize this strategy to compute the capital increase at 55,000 dollars.  The capital increase can be diminished simply after all the capital misfortunes for the pay year have been applied. It is basic to make reference to here that overall deficits from collectables must be deducted from capital additions produced using collectables, not from other capital increases. The capital misfortune on the pontoon vessel which was bought in 2004 would be determined utilizing the other strategy which would give the most elevated conceivable consequence of 50,000 dollars. The sum is acquired by taking away the deal cost of 60,000 dollars from the securing cost of 110,000 dollars. For the capital increase charge on the offers, the other strategy will be utilized. The cost base would incorporate the cost of offers and furthermore the financier paid on the offers and the stamp obligation. Henceforth all out expense would be 71,000 dollars and since the offers were sold for 80,000 dollars the all out capital addition is 9000 dollars. It’s unequivocally referenced that the intrigue charges are not to be remembered for the cost base. The net capital addition or shortfall is given by all out capital increases for the year less the capital misfortunes for the year further brought somewhere near any limits permitted. Thus, the net capital increase from offer of painting and offers is 64,000 dollars or 93,372 dollars relying upon the technique utilized for the work of art. Net capital shortfall from offer of pontoon is 50,000 dollars Thus net capital increase of 14,000 dollars or 43,372 for Dave for the present year. Since Dave has had a net capital increase of 14,000 dollars he can utilize this to deduct the net capital shortfall conveyed forward from the earlier year which adds up to 50,000 dollars. His net capital shortfall would now remain at 36,000 dollars as the capital addition this year would be deducted from the conveyed forward capital increase deficit. On the off chance that Dave has a net capital deficit it would be added to the capital addition shortfall conveyed forward from a year ago. Consequently now his complete capital misfortune would remain at 50,000 dollars and the extra capital misfortune acquired for the current year Capital misfortune can't be utilized to counterbalance the duty obligation and would be conveyed advance and can be utilized to deduct it against capital gains in the coming years. To ascertain a vehicle incidental advantage, a business must work out the available estimation of the advantage utilizing both of the underneath referenced techniques according to ATO. Regardless of whether an alternate strategy was utilized in the past available year, the technique to be utilized for the current year would be controlled by the strategy which gives the most minimal worth. Be that as it may, if the necessary documentation for the working cost technique (for instance, log books) have not been kept then the legal equation strategy must be utilized. The working cost technique requires the organization to keep up a log book which particulars the use of vehicle regarding business and non-business use. Since this has not been kept up the legal technique for valuation would be utilized to assess the available estimation of the incidental advantage emerging from the utilization of the vehicle. Under the legal recipe technique, the means included are evaluating the expense of the vehicle, assessing the legal rate and deciding the quantity of days the vehicle was utilized for private reason. The available worth is then given by A*B*C/365 where An is the base estimation of the vehicle, B is the legal rate and C is the quantity of days being used of the vehicle in a given evaluation year. The legal rate for ascertaining the incidental advantages duty would be 20% since ATO endorses a level expense pace of 20% for computing the advantage gave if kilometers voyaged are under 15,000 kilometers. Truth be told, for any advantages gave after 2011 the assessment structure is a level pace of 20%. The vehicle held by Emma for a multi month time frame which comprised 336 days. During the 11-month time frame or the 336-day time frame from 1 st may to 31 st March no days would be deducted in deciding the quantity of long periods of utilization of vehicle as ATO unmistakably records that yearly systems of support are to be recorded as days when it is accessible for use and at whatever point it is garaged at the employee’s house would likewise be not deducted, for this situation when Emma was interstate would not be deducted, Keeping the above components in thought the duty obligation would be determined at 20% of the cost of the vehicle which is 33,000 and it would be considered by 336/365. Henceforth 6075 is the available worth. An organization is said to give a credit incidental advantage in the event that it reaches out to its worker an advance and charges no intrigue or a low pace of intrigue. Any financing cost lower than the endorsed or the benchmark financing cost qualifies as a credit incidental advantage. Theâ benchmark intrigue rateâ for the Fringe Benefit Tax for the appraisal year finishing March 31,2015 is given as 5.95% by ATO. Thus for the given situation since the credit is given by Periwinkle to Emma at 4.5% it qualifies as an advance incidental advantage. The available estimation of an advance incidental advantage is the contrast between: Since Emma utilizes the advance for acquisition of a vacation home and for loaning it to her better half the whole sum is to be thought about. For the given situation the available estimation of the advance incidental advantage is the distinction between the two sums 29,750 dollars and 22,500 dollars which is 7,250 dollars. While the previous is the pace of intrigue charged by the organization to Emma, the last is the enthusiasm to be paid as per the legal rate in 2015. There is no particular data with respect to modest offer of its own items to its workers nor is it under any absolved class however since the value Emma paid for it is at any rate more than the assembling cost we prohibit it from our extent of taking out the incidental advantages gave to Emma. Consequently the all out available estimation of the incidental advantages is the credit periphery befit of 7,250 dollars and the vehicle incidental advantage of 6,075 dollars which is a sum of 13,325 dollars. Consequently the complete periphery charge obligation would be 6262.75 dollars as the incidental advantage charge is 47%. Had the 50,000 been utilized by Emma herself as opposed to being loaned to the spouse to purchase the offers it would be qualified for reasoning. ATO recommends that the available estimation of an advance incidental advantage might be decreased as per the 'in any case deductible' rule, subject to the limitation cap the venture is made by the representative oneself as opposed to a partner which was the situation in the lead position. Laying it out plainly it suggests that the available worth would be decreased to the degree to which intrigue payable on the credit is, or would be, suitable as an annual expense derivation to the representative. We take a gander at a guide to comprehend the suggestions better. Assuming a worker utilizes an advance from his/her organization entirely to put resources into enthusiasm bearing monetary instruments, at that point the intrigue that he would need to pay the organization is deductible completely for charge purposes. Thus what the referenced situa tion inferred is that under this standard the available estimation of the incidental advantage gave would be zero, regardless of the pace of intrigue charged by the organization on the advance. In this manner, where the

I can tell Essay Example

I can disclose to Essay Example I can tell Paper I can tell Paper I can tell, think, and accept that my online conduct is the same when I am face to face with others throughout the day yet actually I act in an unexpected way. I am a self observer essentially, my vitality when Interacting with others Is gotten from having the option to disguise and dissect my considerations instead of voice them until I am prepared. If I somehow managed to go into a jam-packed room, my inclination Is to watch my environmental factors first and when prepared, I would move toward somebody as opposed to Jump directly Into a discussion. At the point when I convey on the web, I am truly agreeable to hop directly in; I eve no worries or feel uncomfortable, as I am not exposed to the physical or enthusiastic angles identified with beginning a discussion. Obscurity is a ground-breaking power. Taking cover behind a phony screen name causes us to feel powerful, just as undetectable (Bernstein, 2012, Para. 7). Studies on outgoing or withdrawn practices online have demonstrated that PC interceded correspondence may bring about additionally cordial conduct particularly among incredibly thoughtful or timid individuals (Magical-Hamburger, Winnipeg Fox, 2002; McKenna Barge, 2000). Blamer and During 2012) contend that the apparent namelessness and separation of PC interceded correspondence help beat social Inhalations. Milan (2012) portrayed how individuals will in general misrepresent their persona when online in light of the fact that there Is more opportunity to update and figure the substance they present than In unconstrained up close and personal Interactions. Perceiving my character type, being withdrawn I do carry on any other way since it is simpler for me to beat my social restraints. My enthusiastic response to online news and data is reliant upon how energetic I am on the topic or the association it makes dependent on my own encounters. For example, my capacity to feel sympathy for the casualties off catastrophic event makes me question what the people are experiencing, what they think and feel as I see and hear their demeanors and responses. My endeavor to answer being completely human In a virtual space got more diligently to reply than I Initially suspected. My Interpretation of this includes one having the option to really do everything they can when In person riches a virtual domain. I think about the reenactment game Second Life, that reflects all parts of humanity set In a pretend domain.

One Year Down

One Year Down Where did my first year go? It is so bittersweet to sit here and reminisce about all the memories I have of my freshman year at the University of Illinois. I can still remember my first day of classes when I had no idea what was going on, but I survived. Freshman year has been both stressful and fun, making it the greatest time of my life. I have met people who  will be my friends until the day I die, and I have started to make my stamp on this amazing university. My advice to anyone who attends college is this: Do not be complacent. Get out there and do whatever it is  you want to do. I live by the phrase work hard, play hard because all hard work deserves to be met with a little bit of fun. I really cannot believe that in a few months I will be in my second year at college living in an apartment with some of my best buddies. I have made some crazy decisions over the last year, but I can honestly say that I have no regrets. I applied to many schools before making my decision to attend Illinois, and wow, did I make the right decision. This place has become my home, maybe even more than my hometown is at this point. College is different from high school in that people do not care where you came from or who you used to be. College changes you, and your friends will change along with you. So do not get too hung up if your high school friends do not have much in common with you anymore, because I promise there will be thousands of people at college who  will. I can remember being so nervous about school last summer because I did not want to leave all of my friends and live on my own, but I did it and it was the best decision I have ever made. So take a leap of faith and go to college with confidence, but do not be afraid to be a little naive. You are not the only oneâ€"I promise. Alec Class of 2019 I'm double majoring in Economics and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm from a small town across the river from St. Louis called Waterloo, Illinois.

Slave Trade Problem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 922 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Slave Trade was the establishment of unfree labor and the origins of white supremacy. Colonists originally tried to enslave Native Americans but it was unsuccessful so they had to find an alternative source. The Triangular Trade was the originating trade route used to receive and send resources across the globe including slaves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Slave Trade Problem" essay for you Create order This trading system emersed different areas of the globe with various spices, animals, diseases, and slaves. Slaves were brought from Africa to America as indentured servants. Ships from Africa would carry indentured servants, contracted in American to work on plantations in order to earn their freedom. In most circumstances, the contracted servants did not come voluntary but were kidnapped. Following the arrival of Africans, Americans would discriminate against them and not necessarily due to their skin color, but rather that the Africans were not Christians or English. Africans were often seen as property or real estate, something able to be sold. The three-fifths compromise outlined the process for states to count slaves as part of the population in order to determine representation and taxation for the federal government. From the middle of the nineteenth century, the issue of slavery headed in a new direction. Slavery was viewed as something necessary for a profitable system of agriculture in the South. Many people in the North accepted slavery as part of the South, even though the North experienced the effects of not having slave labor. Abolitionists claimed slavery to be evil. Abolitionists were people who favored the removal of slavery in this time period. Around this time the republic had degenerated into a democracy and the idea of equality seemed more achievable. Abolitionists were active voices in society through delivering speeches, holding meetings, and writing newspaper columns. Following a debate amongst the abolitionists and apologists; someone who offers an argument in defense of something controversial, the division of free states and slave states grew. Slavery began making its influence within the westward expansion. Slaveholders from Missouri began traveling across the Mississippi River to Kansas with their slaves, hoping to establish slavery within Kansas. Dred Scott was a slave in the state of Missouri before his master took him to the free state of Wisconsin. They returned to Missouri and later sued for his freedom, claiming that he had gained his freedom in Wisconsin which made him a free man in the state of Missouri. Justices disagreed and claimed Dred Scott to be a slave. As a man of color and former slave, Dred Scott had no right to sue for his freedom. This was bad news for blacks and other states who had treated African Americans as citizens. In Kansas, abolitionist, John Brown believed slavery was so evil that he led a small group of other antislavery men and murdered pro-slavery in the middle of the night. From the success in Kansas, John Brown began plotting another attack in Virginia. So he and his men planned to seize weapons and launch a black liberation, but Browns plan fell apart. He and his men were seized by local Virginia troops. Brown was sentenced to death. The North felt bad for not stepping in and doing anything to further the cause of human liberty. The South felts Brown was rightfully convicted although they were alarmed by the Norths celebration of Browns bravery. People were not taking slavery for face value, those who opposed slavery were looking to end it in any way possible. After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was in the hot seat for the presidency. Johnson was a Southerner, but not one other Southerners liked necessarily. Johnson agreed to let former slaves and freedmen receive fair treatment. In response, Southerners began making new legislation, such as the Black Codes, which took freedmen a step back to slavery. The codes required African Americans to have jobs and if they did not have a job they could be thrown in jail. Slaves freedoms were once again limited. Republicans were upset with Black Codes and sought to remove Johnson from office. The Radical Republicans wanted to secure the rights of freed slaves and so they did by constructing and approving three amendments. The Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment, which granted freedmen citizenship and the Fifteenth Amendment, which gave slaves the right to vote. These amendments were revolutionary for the lives of slaves. For the first time since the establishment of the slave trade, slaves were considered equal to whites. The Radicals continued writing more legislation that included the blacks, such as in education. The Radical Republicans wanted to assure that all people had an equal opportunity to receive education. Sometimes there was violence involved when trying to incorporate blacks into legislation. The Klu Klux Klan, hooded white democrats, would terrorize Republicans and blacks trying scare them away from the polls. The reconstruction of American following the Civil War could not have ended any better for the African Americans. African Americans and Republicans both received freedom from the Klu Klux Klan after president Grants Klu Klux Klan Act. This act gave power to the president, to send troops against the Klu Klux Klan and suspend the act of bringing them before a judge. President Grant knew this legislation wouldnt hold because it wasnt just the Klu Klux Klan, but also all the Southerners who werent ready to accept freed slaves into their territory. So, the Compromise of 1877 was established and ended the time of Reconstruction and the Civil War period. Slaves were free and their equal rights existed on paper.

Copyright Laws And How They Have Affected Society. Copyright

Copyright Laws and How They Have Affected Society Copyright laws have been in place for over two hundred years. They are meant to protect from the unauthorized and unlawful use of ideas and media under law, and protect the artist’s integrity. The types of media protected ranges from books to movies, from TV to picture art. In it’s own way, copyright laws have affected society and how media is distributed across the world. Copyright Laws The current copyright laws we use have been in place since 1976, when the Copyright act was put in place. (Copyright law, 2017) This act was meant to reform the copyright laws into a easier to understand format, and a easier use by people. The laws protect ideas and media from unauthorized and unlawful†¦show more content†¦After it is registered, your copyright claim is valid for seventy years after you die, unless your work was created by a company or corporation, to which it remains after ninety years. (Ravgiala, 2017) Copyright of Movies, Films and Television All audiovisual works are protected under section 101 of the US copyright code. This prevents the copying, distribution of, or plagiarism of copyrighted visual works. Most of these infringements occurs when someone sneaks some kind of recording device into a theater and records it there. Then they either put it up on the internet for free, or sell it for a cheaper price than you would get a ticket at the movies. Movies are, however, protected under the fair use law. Section 107 allows audiovisual works to be used in a non-commercial environment, such as a educational institution. For instance, if a teacher wants to show a movie about volcanos to his class, he can, as long as the movie was lawfully obtained by the teacher or the school administration. (Cameron, 2017) These rules all relatively apply to television as well. The thieves record the airing of a show, and then post it somewhere on the internet. The thieves have also been known to transcribe the script of a show as it airs, and then post this ‘script’ on the internet. Most of these are intentional infringement and can cost you a lot of money in the future for stealing any monetary gain fromShow MoreRelatedThe Digital Age And The Digital Age1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe digital age has brought change in many areas of modern society, and has forced us to discuss the way it has affected our modern laws. The digital age has proven difficult when handling laws associated with the internet, privacy and copyright. Additionally, the entertainment industry has seen it’s own ups and downs in this ever evolving digital era. The question to focus on is whether or not the ease of digital copying and distribution online interferes with the revenue available to record labelsRead MoreThe Importance of Internet Regulation in Fighting Piracy and Enforcing Copyright Claims1710 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Regulation in Fighting Piracy and Enforcing Copyright Claims In 1980s, the Internet developed, and this brought about the growth of the file transfer protocol (FTP) servers, electronic mail (e-mail), and World Wide Web (WWW) as online services. The development has caused major challenges for copyright law. Digital technologies and Internet services have facilitated the reproduction and worldwide copyright dissemination easy and high-speed quantities with the protected works at no qualityRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The P2p Service1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma The legality of the P2P service is not very obvious, apparently. But what about the ethics of the software providers? Is it morally right to enable the free exchange of music, without enforcing a proper compensation to the copyright owners? In order to address the ethical question above, let’s examine the situation from the viewpoint of the two main ethical theories: Contractianism and Consequentialism. The Contractianism viewpoint The contractianism theory focuses onRead MoreEthical Social and Legal Issues of Internet of Things Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesof things is fairly new, there are so many issues related to the laws by using internet that they still haven’t been solved in society. An example of sharing the media tools, songs, software, or illegal downloading/uploading the documents and releasing them in public without authorization, these are all current problems that society have been facing recently harming many businesses, software editors/creators or the patent/copyright holders in a bad way. Their information, data, and knowledge in applicationsRead MoreThe Legal And Economic Concerns Of Copyright Laws1689 Words   |  7 Pagescomputers and the Internet have become widespread illegally downloading files has become cheaper and easier than ever before. Copyright laws are broken so often the basis of them are put into question. Each new generation of musicians, writers, and artists face m ore difficult odds at making a living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and history of copyright laws. Then, this paper will coverRead MoreBiography Of Photographer Art Rogers 1380 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 11, 1989, seeking summary judgement and permanent injunction for plagiarism and unfair competition under state laws. Issue Was defendant Koons â€Å"String of Puppies† borrowing of Roger’s â€Å"Puppies† permissible under the fair use doctrine and parody or was this a work of unauthorized copyright infringement? Decision The Court of Appeals ruled Koon’s â€Å"String of Puppies† is copyright infringement and does not meet the fair use doctrine and for parody use since Koon failed to satisfy the ordinary observerRead MoreProtecting Ideas with Copyright1308 Words   |  5 PagesEvery process born on an idea. Here is when most organizations have their origins. Like every production process, music production is protected from the idea to distribution and sharing. Let’s start from ‘songwriting and composition’.  ¹According to the law, the lyrics that are written by a songwriter are considered literary works and protected by copyright. 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The most two significant changes of all would be the Cultural Revolution which took place during 1960s and the economic transition to the market economy, which has been in effect since 1980s. In this research paper I will focus on the impacts of the ongoing socio-economic changes on what is called a â€Å"traditional† family in China. To be more specific, I will try to analyze how the divorce has become one of theRead MoreImpact Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act On Copyright Enforcement And Fair Use3378 W ords   |  14 PagesMillennium Copyright Act on Copyright Enforcement and Fair Use Jean-Paul Muyshondt University of North Carolina Wilmington Abstract The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has changed the focus of copyright enforcement away from the act of copyright infringement and toward the act of circumvention of the technologies used to protect the rights of digital media owners. Additionally, the act has had adverse effects that outweigh the benefits that it provides. Key Words: copyright, DMCA, DRM

Mystery Man of Stonehenge Free Essays

Archeologists were finishing excavating in Amesbury (planned development of housing) in spring, 2002. It is necessary to admit that Amesbury is situated in the southwest of England. During excavation the small Roman cemetery was uncovered by archeologists and thus that finding was considered fairly common. We will write a custom essay sample on Mystery Man of Stonehenge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, two skeletons were discovered and one of them was important as it was interred in grave made up of timber. The position of a mystery skeleton was rather common for burials in Bronze Age – skeleton’s legs were in a fetal position. Furthermore, skeleton had a hole in a jawbone proving that he had an abscess. The mystery man also sustained an injury as he had heavy limp as well as bone infection. That mystery skeleton was Amesbury Archer. Mystery man appeared to be a wealthy dweller of cool region in Central Europe having relation to vanguard. (Stone 2005) Firstly, it is necessary to claim that a mystery man was rather wealthy archer. According to archeologists he was between 35-45 years old and was buried â€Å"with a black stone wrist guard on his forearm of the kind used to protect archers from the snap of a bowstring†.   (Stone 2005) Sixteen flint arrowheads were scattered across his body and it was assumed that mystery man had certain relation to Stonehenge. The evidence was that massive stone monument was near the burial place. Furthermore, it was apparent that archer was wealthy, because the grave was filled with wrist guards, arrowheads, copper knives, a cache of flint tools as well as metalworking tools. Additionally the grave was arranged with stone shaped like a sofa serving as an anvil. The next evidence of wealth was a pair of gold ornaments, clay pot. Indeed the archer died rich.(Rubinstein 2005) Secondly, archer was born in a cool region in Central Europe. This fact was revealed due to archers’ mouth. Archeologists stated that tooth enamel of a person was the best way to point out his place of birth. Tooth enamel consists of oxygen, calcium and phosphorous and other elements. Actually â€Å"the composition of the oxygen molecules in apatite depends on the water a person drank as a child, and that, in turn, can reveal a great deal about where he grew up—from the temperature of rain or snow to the distance from a coast and the area’s altitude†.   (Stone 2005) The makeup of the oxygen found in archer’s teeth was scanned and thus it was determined by geoscientist Chenery (British Geological Survey) that archer was born in a cool region in Central Europe. Possibly, the archer encountered â€Å"a rural setting of round timber houses with conical thatched roofs†. (Stone 2005) Thirdly it was stated that the archer had certain relations to trade and metalworking. In those times metalworking was the most important skill. And in about 2300 B.C metal implements completely replaced stone weapons and tools which defined the era of Stone Age. The Bronze Age started in the southwest of Europe in about the 4th century B.C. as it was mentioned the grave was filled with different copper knives being used as a weapon and for eating. Cushion stone proved that archer knew how to use and why to use metal instruments. There were some suggestions that the archer belonged to the vanguard of the flashy trade producing metal items used in different shows. (Rubinstein 2005) According to archeologists the metal tool found had to be buried only with his owner. Therefore archer was skillful to move from one community to another having his knowledge in his head. It is possible to suggest that he had unique and exceptional skill for those times, because archer was similar to magician. It was revealed that the arrival of the archer completely coincided with the arrival of the metal implements to the British Isles. Thus the archer is likely to be a pioneer in the new Bronze Age. In conclusion it is necessary to outline that the mystery men was considered to be the archer who lived in the Central Europe and was busy with producing metal tools and instruments for shows. Furthermore, the time of his arrival was the beginning of the Bronze Age.   (Archaeologists Figure out Mystery 2005) References Archaeologists Figure out Mystery of Stonehenge Bluestones. (2005, June 24). Western Mail, 16. Stone, Richard. (2005, August). The Mystery Man of Stonehenge. Retrieved October, 26, 2006, from http://www.kidscastle.si.edu/issues/2005/august/stonehenge.htm Rubinstein, William. (2005, November). Mystery Identities. History Today, 55, 11, 28-34.       How to cite Mystery Man of Stonehenge, Essay examples

Veja Case Study Summary Essay Example

Veja Case Study Summary Essay Case Study Assignment Newman was negligent in his actions on the road when he swerved into oncoming traffic. Julie Mycology is simply looking for compensation for her injuries. The fact that Newman is not a full time employee and only works when he sees fit makes him an independent contractor that you pay for his services. Because he is an independent contractor, you could argue that independent contractors have liability, and this could possibly help you defend your company against the lawsuit. Elaine starting her own business and the use of the old, used tock is an issue because you cannot get out of or reconstruct your contract at this time. Due to the fact that you both are merchants and abide to the USC, you are not allowed to change the terms of your agreement. This was Just a bad decision on your part. George not knowing the arrangement between the company and Elaine is not an issue. You two are not at fault for not informing George because he does not hold a position in the corporate office, therefore has no say in what business decisions are made. We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Case Study Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Case Study Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Case Study Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He will possibly try to sue for this arrangement arguing that he is the majority hardheaded because of this, George can sue under Shareholders Derivative Suit, which means, that since he is a shareholder, he has the right to sue if the company Is doing something unethical. In this case, George will lose the case because although this arrangement with Elaine wasnt smart, it wasnt unethical either. If Elaine sells her shares to George, there is a possibility of him voting you out of your position as President. In the Articles of Incorporation, it states that there are preemptive purchasing rights on any stocks being sold by any shareholder.

Essay on Interrelation of Domestic Violence and White Oppression in the Novel of Alice Walker “The Third Life of Grange Copeland”

Essay on Interrelation of Domestic Violence and White Oppression in the Novel of Alice Walker â€Å"The Third Life of Grange Copeland† Essay on Interrelation of Domestic Violence and White Oppression in the Novel of Alice Walker â€Å"The Third Life of Grange Copeland† Essay on Interrelation of Domestic Violence and White Oppression in the Novel of Alice Walker â€Å"The Third Life of Grange Copeland†A strong desire to feel more like a man is a widely spread phenomenon. The book of Alice Walker vividly describes this phenomenon in her book â€Å"The Third Life of Grange Copeland†. Thus, the first scene between son and father after Brownfield’s imprisonment, Grange Copeland gives a bright definition of masculinity and manhood and emphasizes the responsibility for one’s actions. Grange feels sorry that he had tried to assert his masculinity by using Josie and leaving his wife. In the third life, Grange Copeland makes another definition of manliness and manhood in terms of total devotion to children and wife and a commitment to one’s family duties despite racial oppression. Before Grange left his wife, he used to beat her and thus wanted to express his manhood. However, this was not a way out. When he returns back to the family, he starts appreciating his wife and considers that there was nothing as dear as his family. Thus, Grange Copeland seems to have understood that using physical force against women is not the way of showing masculinity and it is surely right.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The correlating point underlined by Alice Walker in her novel is the necessity for Whites to be responsible for their unjust and inappropriate behavior towards African-Americans. In an attempt to explain this point, it needs to be said that Grange Copeland was extremely dissatisfied with the discrimination of Whites against African-Americans, but could do nothing about that. Thus, he started showing his manhood by beating his wife, just to show that he is a strong man. In such a way, the major idea of Alice Walker was to show that African-Americans often used violence against their own family during the times of racial oppression directed on their nation. The following research deals with t he theme of manhood that penetrates the novel of Alice Walker on the example of the stories of Grange and Brownfield. The research deals with the theme of using force and violence within the families of African-Americans during the severe times of oppression directed on them. The examples of Brownfield and Grange vividly show that they used extreme measures directed against their wives in order to express their own masculinity and not realizing that it is not a way out.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to pay more attention to the reason of why the male characters in the novel of Alice Walker abuse and badly treat women. The reason for such behavior is their reaction to how they themselves are treated by the white society. In fact, since the times of slavery, African-Americans has always been undermined and abused by Whites. And the novel of Alice Walker gives bright examples of such mistreatment. Jenkins presumes that black male characters strive for masc ulinity as well as â€Å"manhood through the reaction of a patriarchy in their own homes† (Walker, 101). All this produces a conclusion that domestic violence among Black people is often grounded on white racism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that although the author explains the actions of the main characters of the book, she does not excuse their violent actions towards their wives. Instead, Alice Walker shows what happens or may happen if such behavior is accepted. This leads to the destruction of the entire lives of men who choose to mistreat and abuse their women trying to show masculinity and reveal manhood in an indecent way.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Life constantly changes around us and we are forced to change ourselves as well. The Third Life of Grange Copeland examines the life of the main character and analyzes the changes of a man in his struggle to survive. No one will doubt that in th e darkest times when everything seems unbearable and some problems seem too hard to solve, only those who love you most will help you overcome difficulties and support your actions in any situation. Thus, it becomes clear that in the severest time of our life, we should keep closer to our family in order to deal with the hardships of life. This is what the character of Alice Walker, Grange Copeland has understood after leading an indecent life and severely beating his own wife. Seemingly, he finally realized that using violence was not a way out at all.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, it is important to mention that The Third Life of Grange Copeland contains a number of features that help readers understand the motives of the main characters in terms of using violence within one’s family (Jenkins, 63). The key point is that it raises vital questions of race relations, domestic violence and gender. The main characters of the novel are Brownfield Copeland and his father Grange. The author takes readers through forty years of the relationship between father and son as well as their relationships with different women. Here, the author shows the role of manhood in the lives of these two characters. From the very beginning, Alice Walker emphasizes the domestic violence in the family of Grange and Brownfield on the example of the abuse caused by Grange towards his mother Margaret. As the novel goes on, Brownfield grows up and turns into a bitter young fellow who starts searching his father who has left the family to start a new life in the North. Brownfield enters into relations with one of Grange’s old girlfriends, Josie, but still he eventually marries Mem, Josie’s niece. However, Brownfield seems to have started treating his own wife just like his father used to treat his wife. At first, he is severely beating her, and eventually he ends up committing a crime of killing his own wife. As a result, Brownfield is imprisoned for murdering his wife. At this time, Grange comes back from the North and realizes that there is nothing more important than love for one’s own family. He seems to have realized that beating his wife and using violence against the beloved woman does not help a man to show his masculinity. Walker manages to not simply criticize showing manhood by means of using force against women, but also show the possibilities of a great number of masculinities, exposing certain highly negative repercussions (Jenkins, 76).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While reading the book of Alice Walker, it becomes clear that love for the family stands behind all actions taken by Grange, but only after he realized his mistakes and his indecent behavior against his wife. The thesis for this paper would be the question of struggle of a Black man in the attempt to show his manhood within the family as a result of living in the severe world among White people. The questions raised by Alice Walker are interrelated. Thus, it becomes clear that one can show masculinity not only among close and beloved people, but also within society that sometimes creates challenges.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In such a way, the questions of white repression and manhood are interrelated in the novel of Alice Walker. The author vividly depicts the results of white oppression and longing for manhood and manliness. The author writes that Brownfield beats Mem simply because it makes him â€Å"feel good about himself† (Walker, 55). This shows that Brownfield tries to show his manhood by accepting violent actions towards beloved people.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, it is important to note that Grange experiences totally different feelings living in the South where he is oppressed and in the North where he is treated better and not perceived as inferior. And thus, the rate of domestic violence in the North is much lower than in the South. This is al so what Alice Walker tries to express in her novel.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problems of white oppression and mistreatment of women are interrelated. Thus, Grange first beats and then kills a woman, but nevertheless, he eventually realizes that there is nothing as dear and precious as his own family. On the other hand, Brownfield also tries to show his manhood by beating his own wife, and this tendency shown by Walker on the example of a father and his son vividly expresses the idea that Black men try to show their manhood and be more like real men by using physical force against unprotected women.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is worth saying that Alice Walker interweaves the questions of white oppression and the matter of domestic violence among Black people. The bright example of the latter is the fact that Grange and Brownfield used physical force against their wives and treated them violently simply to be more like real men and thus, show their manhood. On the whole, the paper has analyzed the key points of the novel in terms of violence against Black people and violence against women within the African-American society. In this regard, domestic violence has in most cases been caused by the aggression of Blacks towards White people and concurrently their attempt to show their manhood. In general, the question of manhood, masculinity and patriarchy is pervasive and can be analyzed in different ways. The paper contains only few examples of how longing for manhood influences the behavior of men and treatment of women. It should be admitted that African-American men experience psychological violence of the supremacist ideology of White people. And thus, Blacks are trying to show their masculinity at least within their own family members making them experience violence as well and at their own hands.

Hitting the Nail on the Head

Hitting the Nail on the Head Hitting the Nail on the Head Hitting the Nail on the Head By Maeve Maddox Somewhere, in an email or on Facebook or on a news blog, I saw this: But she hammered the head on the nail with this quote. How odd, I thought. Shouldn’t it be, â€Å"she hammered the nail on the head†? A Google search brings up 683,000 results for â€Å"hit the head on the nail† compared to 1,580,000 for â€Å"hit the nail on the head.† The phrase â€Å"the head on the nail† registers on the Ngram Viewer, but barely, compared to â€Å"the nail on the head.† The earliest citation of the expression in the OED is dated 1438. It’s not so easy to hit a nail squarely on the head. For that reason, â€Å"to hit the nail on the head† is a term of approbation. Figuratively, people who hit the nail on the head succeed in accomplishing what they are aiming for. Most of the examples I’ve found of the reversed idiom have been in readers’ comments, but I have found a few in presumably professional writing. For example, this one, with inexplicable hyphenation, is from a technical review: You have to remember though that Apple may or may not be upgrading the iPad again before the end of the year (this comes from John Gruber a known Apple pundit that tends to hit-the-head-on-the-nail when it comes to Apple rumors). A site dedicated to test preparation has this topic header: SAT Improvement or Hit the head on the nail This one is from a sports blog: These commercials are coolbut rarely do they hit the head on the nail of a player like Nike has done with these Calvin Johnson, P. Diddy advertisements. I found one example in which the reversal seems intended to be humorous: I could try for a long time to hit the head on the nail (as one of my writing students once said)- Writing advice site A review of the film Fifty Shades of Grey includes the following bit of dialogue: Christian – Have you been drinking?   Ana – Yup, you hit the head on the nail. It could be that this reversal is the result of Ana’s alcohol-impaired thinking. Changing â€Å"hit the nail on the head† to â€Å"hit the head on the nail† is jarring, to say the least. Writers who wish to be taken seriously will avoid doing it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter36 Poetry TermsPresent Participle as Adjective

Public Relations Assignment (Press Release) Essay

Public Relations Assignment (Press Release) - Essay Example It is not a secret that many people have more doubts about the quality and sanitarian norms of the fast food served rather than its impact upon health. It is a well-known fact that fast food contains increased amount of sugar and fat and hence not healthy, yet some people still make a choice to eat in â€Å"Carnivore Joe’s† – so it’s better to ensure them that the freshness and sanitarian norms of their food are more than satisfactory. Paying particular attention to managing and training our employees should be crucial for building up the image of a good employer. Apart from that, wages should be competitive, and staff should be taught and encouraged to get promoted within the company. I would also suggest our company’s participation in the social life of our community. For example, we might support charity projects, organize our own â€Å"green-marketing† projects that in a way compensate for our contribution into â€Å"spoiling† the nation’s health (good ideas would be ecologically-directed projects like planting trees, saving wildlife and others). We might also start using recycled cups and plates, recycled paper for wrapping burgers, etc. We must emphasize our use of environmentally safe products when preparing our dishes, and our aiming not to pollute the environment. Perhaps we should also pay more attention to specifying the fat and carbohydrates content for each product sold by us. If permitted we should also aim at selling some low-fat and low-carbohydrate food, and maybe even encourage customers buy more of this type of food and drinks. I would definitely also work on visual layout and design of the restaurants. I would study the tastes and preferences of the target audience and go for something very creative and making us stand out from the crowd in design – this might be either the interior evoking associations with home or, vice versa, something extremely innovative – perhaps even

Contemporary management issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Contemporary management issues - Essay Example Though some of these values evolve to embrace the changing times and others may interpret it differently under different situation but the universal acceptance of what is right and what is wrong has given them a strong foothold to withstand the adversities of the time. Moral and ethical dilemmas are becoming frequent in one’s professional life. The cut throat competition coupled with diverse and multicultural fabric of the society, makes it difficult for a person to maintain a high level of personal integrity. Nonetheless, barring serious acts of omission and commission, the activities or behaviour that is not illegal has literally become a fact of life with the people making it very difficult to distinguish between the behaviour that persons think ethical or unethical. The main reason being that very often the personal values clash with the organization’s objectives and organization’s target based results. According to Joseph Badaracco, "We have all experienced situations in which our professional responsibilities unexpectedly come into conflict with our deepest values...we are caught in a conflict between right and right. And no matter which option we choose, we feel like weve come up short" (internet). The resolution of eth ical dilemma therefore requires a very careful consideration so that both the parties become gainers. Consequentialist ethics is defined as the acts or behaviour that is determined by the consequences of that act or behaviour which generally must be beneficial in content. Retailers take refuge in the consequentialist ethical code of conduct, in their support of the supply chain that provides flowers that are out of season at their point of sale in the United Kingdom. It is therefore important that to identify really unethical behaviour, one must be able to know whether that particular act or behaviour of the retailer is constitutionally unlawful or whether it is against the general code of values. Another most pertinent question is

Improving GPS Position with AGPS

Improving GPS Position with AGPS 5.1.2 A-GPS A technique which smartphones use to improve GPS precision and speed is called AGPS, or assisted GPS. When a GPS system is first used/turned on, it needs to find clock and orbit data for the satellites it is going to link to. This then results in what is known as TTFF or Time to First Fix which signifies how long it takes for the GPS receiver to acquire its exact location. Assisted GPS circumvents this problematic by using data from the cellular towers on the phones network in combination with the phones own GPS data to acquire location fix. The time taken to acquire a solution using AGPS is usually much faster as the cellular towers which the phone is communicated data from, are constantly getting GPS data from satellites and calculating the data, this then helps the GPS receiver on the perform tasks such as range capacities and place solutions much faster. 5.1.3. Indoor Positioning QR Codes          One of the major difficulties to overcome when emerging an app like Plotting UL campus is how to determine a users position when they are indoors/under cloud exposure. Although Assisted GPS somewhat alleviates this, GPS triangulation is still unclear at best within buildings so a system must be created to overcome that. QR codes would be an ideal way with which to avoid this problem. Inside every building and floor within the UL Campus there is a noticeboard so Plotting UL Campus could take benefit of this and place a poster with a QR code containing that building/floors GPS co-ordinates? When this is scanned by the smartphone it will open the Plotting UL application and show where you are on the UL Campus map. 6. Navigation Pathfinding There are a variations of pathfinding algorithms that could be considered for use in the navigation functionality of Campus mapping. These include straightforward point A to point B algorithms such as Dijkstras algorithm and more complex Travelling Salesman type algorithms which compute the route visiting every point on a graph such as Hamiltonian and Euclidian algorithms. Though, these can be very computationally intensive algorithms that would place a large clang on the smartphones CPU. 7. Google maps API Google Maps is the most recognised and used mapping context that is currently available. Google launched the Google Maps API in 2005, the API is free of charge for use by designers, provided the application is used in does not charge users, and it does not generate more than 25,000 map views a day, which would be appropriate for this project. As Google also develops the Android platform, Google Maps is proposed to be the most easily implementable mapping framework for this platform. The flaw of Google Maps, from Plotting UL campus perspective is that Google Maps does not display all the individual buildings within UL and this is a necessary module within the application. 7.1 Open street maps Open Street Maps an open-source plotting outline that is comprised entirely of location data supplied by its users. Meanwhile its formation Open Street Maps has relished increased popularity due to the essential for an unfiltered mapping services that shows all the geographical features of an area as well as a propagation in low-cost GPS-enabled devices. This detailed mapping of an area, fulfils the need of plotting UL campus to have a mapping basis which displays all the buildings within the university as well as all pathways and roads. The open-source nature of UL mapping also means the API could be deployed to give a lively display of the points-of-interest within the campus that can be tailored to suit specific users, which is one of the main project objectives. GIS Tools The varied set of tools which allow the user to create interactive queries, analyse spatial information, edit mapping details, presents the solutions of these operations. Sample List of tools include: Tools for overlay Proximity analysis tools Surface tools Table analysis and management tools Tools for selecting and extracting data 11 8. Specification 8.1 Mobile campus map Hardware and Operating system Equipment Smartphone -Lenevo P1ma40 CPU Quad core 1Ghz Ram 2.00 GB Rom 16.00 GB OS Android Version 5.1 GPS Yes Frontend Keyhole Mark-up Language Backend Java Database MySQL 12 9. Detailed Action Plan Detailed action plan for the project is shown below. Apart from this, weekly consultations will be held with the project supervisor and updates will be communicated on a regular basis. 9.1. Discussion Expended significant time in understanding the mapping layout and tracking of the buildings, the path, navigation, the tools used and the abnormalities which could occur through mobile or the web application. Currently reading the concept of Google maps, the softwares like KML, java, the android OS and the gps used to incorporate the application and working involved in it. I anticipate to come with the successful completion of the project as expected. Arising challenges is to frame the right prototype, implementing with captivating contents and the proper navigation incorporated with relevant GIS tools. 13 9.2. Requirements of facilities and materials. 1 Complete UL campus map 2 Smart phone Lenovo P1ma40 3 Traffic and Fire Sensors to detect anomalies 4 GPS-Global positioning system 5 Wi-Fi 6 Router 7 Laptop / Desktop 14 10. References IEEE-Design and Implementation of Campus Spatial Information Service Based on Google Maps Google Developers. (2016). Google Maps APIs Google Developers. https://developers.google.com/maps. Developer.android.com. (2016). Develop Apps | Android Developers. http://developer.android.com/develop/index.html Modo Labs. (2016). | Modo Labs. http://www.modolabs.com/products-youll-love/kurogo-mobile-campusfor-higher-education/ IEEE Landscape visualization on Google earth IEEE Creation of mobile search system for traffic enquiry https://thenewboston.com/videos.php?cat=6 http://www.androidhive.info/2011/11/android-sqlite-database-tutorial/ http://www.telerik.com/blogs/how-to-build-an-android-app-that-displays-live-accelerometer-data-using-a-line-chart-control http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/beginners-guide-location-android https://developer.android.com/studio/install.html https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-api/start

Hybrid car

Facts about Hybrid Cars: Some important facts about hybrid cars:- Hybrid vehicles are a practical solution to the rising greenhouse gas levels and may still be some time till these cars are introduced into the market. Auto Makers like Honda and Toyota have taken initiatives to improve on the existing Hybrid technology by inventing cleaner engines that also give more mileage. A Hybrid vehicle is one which uses an electric motor to provide additional power along with the conventional internal combustion engine. They have a special mechanism that is capable of recharging the batteries without being plugged in.They can also be charged by the gas-engine if need be. As a result, the gas engines can be a little smaller as there is an additional power supply for its aid. The advantage is that the gasoline engine can then be quite small, since power is obtained from not one but two sources. When the car comes to a sustained stop, the gas engine shuts down saving fuel. When the car is ready to accelerate, the electric motor kicks in till the time the gasoline engine can resume on its Job. Hybrid Subs may be the alternative to those gas-guzzling, pocket- ripping Subs which could manage very little mileage.EPA mileage estimates about 33 MPEG as city/highway average. The Toyota Pries is estimated to give an average of 55 MPEG. Apparently, it has a better mileage in city conditions rather than the highway. That's because the battery pack comes into use more frequently in city conditions than on the highway. Advantages of Hybrid car: Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas- powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. Thanks to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal gas-powered vehicles, if not better. Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car ND they have a tax benefits(only till 2006). There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle owners (varies by state). Hyb rids are much cleaner cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrids provide a better mileage. The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. Disadvantages of Hybrid Cars: Hybrid cars, though useful, have some disadvantages.The point to be noted here is that the advantages far exceed the disadvantages. High cost: hybrids cost anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000 more their non-Hybrid versions. More weight due to battery packs. Some states charge additional fees for registration. In the event of an unfortunate accident, there is a risk of exposure to high voltage wires. They have a complicated system which needs to be taken care of by experienced mechanics only. Spare parts maybe hard to find and may be costly. Usually, hybrids have a lower acceleration than that their normal counterparts.T he hybrid car can be considered to be the car of the millennium. This is a very environment friendly car that hardly produces any combustion at all. This is a car that basically runs on two sources of energy; one being a fuel, and another a battery. With the presence of two sources of energy to the hybrid car, there is obviously a lower requirement of fuel in the car. This is because most of the driving is managed with the energy the battery provides. The battery provides sufficient energy for the driver to use the car for its normal uses of transportation.

TEFL Assignment Answers - 23344 Words

Why is TTT (Teacher Talking Time) noted first among the potential problems to look out for in the list in section 1.2C? What are some ways you plan to avoid excessive TTT in your classroom when you are a ESL/EFL teacher? Provide specific strategies and examples. â€Å"Why is TTT noted first among the potential problems to look out for in the list in Section 1.2C?† Section 1.2 introduces the simple notion that, as Native English Speakers, we are accustomed to using the language—our students, on the other hand, are not. So, this preliminary information informs instructors to build classroom environments that encourage and maintain verbal participation from the students. In essence, we are not to build curriculum that reflects the†¦show more content†¦Which would be most effective with the majority of students? Which would be the most time efficient? On what basis would you choose one over another? â€Å"Which one of the approaches or methods listed in Section 1.5 seems more appealing to you as a personal choice to employ in your future classroom?† An Eclectic Approach is consistent with my overall goals as an effective foreign-language teacher. I am willing to try any and everything until I can locate what is effective, what is comfortable, and what will provide for the most conducive learning environment. In essence, and Eclectic Approach only seems feasible to a person who has a sincere interest in understanding how to best assist the learner. â€Å"Which would be the most effective with a majority of students?† The Direct Method is probably the most effective with a majority of students. I say this simply because the methodology—by definition—is student-centered. It would be difficult to argue against student-centered methodology. According to the TEFL website, the Direct Method builds an environment by which the student would acquire the L2 just as naturally as a child would. It goes on the further stress teaching through habit formation and immediate/consistent correction of linguistic errors as they are made. The extend the â€Å"parent-child† analogy, the instructor is doing all possible to make sure classroom time isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Trinity Cert Tesol9662 Words   |  39 PagesTrinity Cert TESOL Assignment details Contents Self-study 2 Reading list 3 Assignment overview 7 Teaching practice 8 Language Awareness test 1. 10 Language awareness test 2 10 Language awareness test 3 11 Unknown foreign language journal 12 Materials assignment 24 Observation journal 29 Teaching practice journal 49 Learner profile 51 Agreement to participate in learner profile 59 Self-study Self study follows the day’s input. 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College Is A Life Changing Experience For Students

Students Should Live in Dorms College is a life changing experience for students. College is a new environment for most students and comes with lots of challenges. Things such as the increased difficulty of academic work and not being around the same social groups as a student was before college can make the transition very difficult. One of the best things a student can do to help with this transition is to live in a campus residence hall. Students should live in dorms because of the community that this creates. Students will gain many beneficial social interactions, will be able to better complete academic work, and will ease the adjustment to college life. Social Interactions Living in the college dorms will allow students many beneficial social interactions that they would otherwise not have. College dorms are usually divided into floors. Each floor will have a Resident Assistant that reports to a Resident Director. The Resident Assistant will organize events for the floor so that the students living together can get to know each other. This is a great opportunity for the students to meet and find others that have similar interests or majors. Throughout the semester there will be floor meetings and activities that will help the students meet new people and make more friends. Generally students will have at least one roommate. This can be someone you know or it could be randomly assigned. This is a great opportunity to make a good friend when you first move to college.Show MoreRelatedWhy College Education Is Important to Me698 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Why college education is important to me†. By Janelle D. 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Aging And Cognition Short Paper Essay - 2152 Words

Aging and Cognition Short Paper Allura Lothary One of the most crucial recurring themes regarding aging research has been what is the most valid and representative measurement of age. Chronological age has often been the standard measurement for conducting aging research, especially when focusing on comparisons between younger adults and older adults. However, several studies have shown that this measure alone may not be the most valid or best way to predict declines in cognitive functioning. From more recent studies, it seems that time to death instead of chronological age may be the best predictor of cognitive declines. Other measures such as health, future time perspective, and perceptions of aging have also been suggested as more definitive alternatives to chronological age. To demonstrate the difference in chronological age and time to death as a measure of old age, Hulur et al. (2015) used between and within person measures in order to demonstrate cognitive dedifferentiation at the end of the lifespan. This study found evid ence for dedifferentiation in cognitive abilities between and within persons. They were also able to find the most between person dedifferentiation when using time to death as the variable related to age, instead of chronological age. These results demonstrated the benefits to using time to death as a measurement in comparison to chronological age. Since they were able to test both measures, this showed clear evidence for which measure would beShow MoreRelatedGERIATRIC ASSESSMENT: MALNUTRITION989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe indicator of existing medical and socio-economic problems, but can also be a cause of physiological and psychological dysfunctions. Proper nursing assessment in the elderly should be applied in order to identify and address this problem. 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What Are the Beliefs and Values of Buddhism Free Essays

What are the beliefs and values of Buddhism? Buddhists follow the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama who is known as the Buddha, meaning the enlightened one. Buddhism originated in northern India and is the fourth largest religion of the world. However, Buddhism is more a philosophy or way of life other than a religion because unlike so many other religious traditions, Buddhism is founded on the teaching of a human being and not a god. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Beliefs and Values of Buddhism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Philosophy means love of wisdom and the Buddhist’s believe in leading a moral life, being mindful and aware of thoughts and actions and developing wisdom and understanding. Buddha Siddhartha Gautama was a warrior prince who founded Buddhism and lived from 566 to 483 BC [1]. He was born in Lumbini, in the Himalayas and lived in Northern India. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince of a wealthy, royal family, he was aware of his luxurious life as a prince and was tired of it. He wanted to discover the truth about life and spent many years in meditation, sitting underneath a Bodhi tree in order to discover a way to end suffering for everyone and to release himself from the material values of life. After many years under the Bodhi tree he came to an epiphany and become the â€Å"Buddha†. The night he became enlightened was divided into four periods in which he learnt something new each time. Firstly, he gained understanding of all the past, and of what had led him to the point of seeking enlightenment. He then understood the way in which all living things came into this world and pass away. After this, he understood how all the negative feelings and cravings that make people cling to life, bring more suffering and that he had overcome these cravings. Then, at dawn he gained full enlightenment and experienced the peace of Nirvana, which is the point where the three poisons, greed, hatred and ignorance disappear and a sense of happiness and calm is achieved. [2]After he was enlightenment at 35 years old, he travelled around India teaching the wise knowledge he had achieved. Siddhartha Gautama spent most of his life teaching in the cities of the Ganges plain and was the first person of his time to discover the true cause of suffering in the world and show people real compassion. Buddha is a itle, which means â€Å"the one who is enlightened† or â€Å"one who has woken up to the truth†. What makes a person a Buddha is that a Buddha discovers and teaches the path to enlightenment. According to Buddhist tradition, there have been and will be other Buddha’s. Siddhartha Gautama inspired people by what he did and what he taught, so that they followed him and tried to put his teachings into practice. Beliefs and Values of Buddhism Buddhists believe that everyone has the potential to become enlightened and that, by practising their religion, they will develop wisdom and happiness. Four Noble Truths In Siddhartha Gautama’s first sermon in the Deer Park in Varanasi, the holiest city of ancient India, he spoke about the Four Noble truths and the Eightfold Path. The four noble truths are the most basic expression of the Buddha’s teaching. In the Four Noble Truths Buddha sets out the problem of life, the cause of that problem, that the problem can be overcome and the way to achieve it. The First Truth is that all life involves suffering. The first truth is Dukkha, which is the pali word for suffering. 3] Dukkha is deeper than physical pain, it refers to the suffering that occurs on a number of levels. There is the suffering that comes with feeling sick, old age, death and injuries, which are inevitable as we are fragile human beings. [4] Then there is the frustration and the feeling of being discontent with life, that our life is not what we want or expect it to be and nothing is ever good enough. The second truth is that the origin of suffering is cr aving and attachment. The Buddha discovered that the direct causes of suffering are desire, craving, and ignorance and this is the cause of suffering. The belief that suffering is caused by craving is not the natural need for food or enjoyment from experiences in our lives but the attempt to hold on to the things we enjoy and never want to let them go and try to stop them from changing. In the second truth, it is said that the origin of suffering is attachment to desire and craving, greediness causes a person to never be happy or content. The third noble truth is Nirodha, which is the end of suffering. The Buddha taught that the only way to end suffering was to stop grasping at life and craving, although a person who is unhappy will want to try and hold on to the things which bring enjoyment and happiness. So, the only way to end craving is to discover inner happiness and satisfaction and learn to appreciate life just the way it is. If Buddhists can reduce craving. Tanha, it is because they enjoy life at the moment and they do not need to crave. Once all craving is diminished, a person reaches Nirvana, which is when a person is freed from craving. This third truth explains how to overcome suffering and achieve happiness. It explains that life would be happy and blissful if one learns to live each day at a time, never dwelling on the past or thinking too much about the future. The fourth truth, is the final truth. According to the fourth truth, to end suffering and reach nirvana, an individual must follow the Eight-fold Path. The Eightfold Path focuses on the mind and being aware of thoughts and actions. By being compassionate and kind to others and developing wisdom, one would have a better understanding of the Four Noble Truths. The fourth truth is â€Å"The Middle Way†, Magga and is set out in eight steps. These steps are eight features of a Buddhists life. By following the Eightfold Path, a person reduces the amount of suffering they have by living a life of virtue. People who follow the Eightfold Path usually have a positive outlook on other people, animals and the world. [5] The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Path aims to improve wisdom by practising right view and intention, ethical conduct, by practising right speech, action and livelihood and mental capabilities, by practising right effort, mindfulness and concentration. There are three aspects to the Buddhist way of life. Wisdom (prajna), Morality (sila) and Mental training (Samadhi). The Noble Eightfold Path is the way of wisdom. Number 1 is Right View, this is when a Buddhist seeks to follow the teachings of Buddha and deepen his or her understanding on life. Number 2 is Right Intention; it is the decision to follow the Buddhist path. Every action a person makes comes from a thought and this right intention is the positive thought a person needs to make in order to progress. All that we are is the result of what we have thought. The mind is everything. What we think we become. † Buddha. Number 3 is Right Speech. Right Speech is the principle of always expressing oneself in a way that enhances the quality of other peoples lives and does no harm. It means to not tell lies, refrain from lies and deceit, malicious language, angry or offensive language and gossip. One should always tell the truth, speak with warm gentleness and refrain from speak ing when they have nothing important to say. Number 4 is Right Action and it is to follow the fine general guidelines for life which are, 1, not to destroy life, 2, not to steal, 3, not to misuse sex or overindulge the senses, 4, not to lie, 5, not to drink alcohol or take drugs which can stop one from thinking clearly. Right Livelihood means that a person following the Buddhist path should refrain from employment that goes against Buddhist principles. Right Effort is to make a conscious effort to take away all negative, evil thoughts and replace them with good, positive ones. This step recognises that a Buddhist should be aware of this and make an effort to shape the way in which he or she thinks. Right Mindfulness is a state of heightened consciousness which a person has the mental ability to see the world around them clearly and with no delusion. Part of the mental training that Buddhists do aims at helping them become more aware of themselves and the world around them. People cannot control or develop themselves if they are unaware of how they feel or why they respond to life the way they do or they cannot help others if they are lost in a world of their own. Buddhists practise meditation to help them be aware of this. Right concentration is the belief that through meditation the mind is enable to become calm, clear, develop loving kindness and gain insight into the truths of life. The goal of this is to reach nirvana but regular meditation is a very important part of the life of every practising Buddhist. The Buddha taught that everything we do, think and say has a consequence or result. Kind actions have positive results while unkindness results in unhappiness. Buddhists believe in karma, which is the idea that actions have consequences. It is believed that karma is the result or consequence from a previous action, this is the way Buddhists believe that we influence the process of change and we shape the future by out actions of today. Buddhists believe in rebirth, which is the idea that creatures are constantly being born, growing old, dying and being born again. This is known as samsara and for Buddhists; rebirth is a constant process of change. What a person will be in another life develops out of what the person was before. Buddhists value compassion for others and causing them no harm above everything else. The Buddha taught that to reach enlightenment, one must develop two qualities, wisdom and compassion. Being kind, loving and compassionate to humans and animals are important values in Buddhism. Buddhists aim to live kindly and wisely and follow the teachings of the great spiritual leader Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha. Buddhists beliefs are based on the idea that all life involves suffering but by following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, people can free themselves from suffering and move towards enlightenment. Buddhists values kindness, compassion and wisdom and believe that every action has a consequence which is karma, therefore always try to have a loving heart towards living beings and the environment and avoid causing harm. ———————– [1] Buddhism, A new approach, Steve Clarke and Mel Thompson, page 6 [2] Buddhism, A new approach, Steve Clarke and Mel Thompson, page 12 [3] Early Buddhist Discourses, Edited and Translated by John J. Holder [4] Buddhism, A new approach, Steve Clarke and Mel Thompson, page 22 [5] We are Buddhists, My Religion and Me, Philip Blake, page 13 How to cite What Are the Beliefs and Values of Buddhism, Essay examples

Telecommunication Technology History of Telecommunication

Question: Describe about the Telecommunication Technology for History of Telecommunication. Answer: Introduction From the ancient times the use of humans tried to contact with each other by staying at a distance from each other. For this they used the smoke signals or the drums to alert or inform the other people at a distance. In Africa, America and some parts of Asia these techniques were used in the ancient time. As discussed by Okada et al. (2013), these equipments are used to transmit the signal and to receive the transmitted signal by the other stations. Until 1930 the wired the electronic telecommunication systems first appears in the scenario. History of Telecommunication In the year 1838, the telegraph was invented. The telegraph was invented by Cook and Wheatstone and they demonstrated their telegraph machine to the directors of the London and Birmingham Railway. After six years the revolutionary communication language Morse codes by F.B Morse in the year 1844. In the same year, the first long distance message was sent from Baltimore to Washington. In the year 1970 the different private companies were nationalized. All the operations were maintained by the post offices (Hausman and Sidak 2014). In the year 1876 Graham Bell invented the telephone and demonstrated it publically. In the next year, 1878 the first telephone companies were established. After this, in the year 1891, the telephone link between London and Paris were established and the international telephone services started with the establishment of this link. The first automatic telephonic exchange for the public use was opened in Epsom, Surrey. This helped the people to make the calls without interference of the operator (Loomis and Wiedman 2012). After the First World War the number of services as well as the number of the telephones increased due the development in this field. In the next decade the rental and the call charges were reduced significantly (Hausman and Sidak 2014). Moreover the use of the coaxial cable in the telecommunication was introduced, as a result of now hundreds of calls can be sent over the pair of cables. In the year 1969, the large wide area network is developed by the ARPANET. After different modifications to the primary invention, the internet is now used by the billions of people worldwide and the number of users is increasing day by day. Basic telecommunication concepts The basics in the telecommunication can be stated as the different equipments, the communication channel or medium, the different services and the networks used in the communication processes (Okada et al. 2013). The basic elements or the equipments used in the telecommunication processes are signal, transmitters, transmission medium, receiver and a Transceiver. Signals In the telecommunication the most important thing is the signal. The signals can be analog as well as digital. Specifically for the analog signals there are some physical factors that can affect the performance of the signal. These physical factors are sound, light, temperature etc (Okada et al. 2013).The transmitter is used to take the information as the input and convert it into the signal. The receiver is the equipment that is used to convert the signal to the usable information (Hausman and Sidak 2014). At the end the transceiver thought as the tool that can act both as the transmitter and receiver of the signal. Transmission media and its categories The transmission media can be thought as the channel or medium that carries the signals. These channels can be free space, copper or co axial cable or the most efficient optical fiber (Loomis and Wiedman 2012). These channels can be divided into more subparts like the simplex, half duplex and duplex. Simplex The simplex channel provides the single way communication. Thus while using this channel there is only one transmitter and only one receiver at the other end. In these channel it is impossible to transmit and receive at the simultaneously. Figure 1: Simplex communication channel (Source: Ndujiuba and Ibhaze 2016, pp-21) Half duplex The half duplex channel is more efficient than the simplex channel. In half duplex channel, it is possible to send and receive the information from both ends (Hausman and Sidak 2014). If one end is sending data or information then the other end have to wait until it is complete to start the operation from the other end. In addition to that, the error detection can be done in this channel. Figure2: Half duplex channel (Source: Okada et al. 2013, pp-52) Full duplex In the full duplex channels the data can be sent and received in both ways. In this process one end does not have to wait for its turn as it has to in the half duplex mode. The duplex mode can be thought as a highway that has two lanes. Figure: Full Duplex channel (Source: Bruno and Manello 2015, pp-60) Communication networks The communication networks can be categorized into following categories, which are Metropolitan area network (MAN), local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN). LAN-The LAN is mainly designed for the small physical areas like for an office, building or a factory. This network type is also very helpful in sharing the available resources like the shared hard drives, printers etc. The LAN is used in connecting a small number of workstations in an office or factory (Al-Mufti and Kalenahalli 2014). The advantage of this network system is one of the workstations can became a server and the required softwares can be installed on it instead of installing on each of the workstations. MAN- The metropolitan area network is same as the LAN. This network type is used to cover a whole city. Moreover, it can be said that a MAN can consist a number of LANs (Hausman and Sidak 2014). This type of net works are mainly maintained and operated by a private or public company. WAN- The Wide area network is used to cover a large area like a state or a country. This kind of network is very complex and hard to maintain and troubleshoot. Communication services According to the major telecommunication companies the telecommunication services are categorized into three categories, which are the narrowband services, voice band service, and broadband services. Narrowband services- This handle the low data volumes. In this service the data transmission rate is between the 45 to 300baud (Okada et al. 2013). These services are suitable for the low speed devices. Voice band services- This services handles the data transmission between the 300 to 9600 baud. The main use of this service is in the telephonic voice communication. Broadband services-The broadband services are used to handle a large volume of data. This service helps in handling data up to 1 million baud or more (Ndujiuba and Ibhaze 2016). The satellite communication is an example of this kind of services. Comparison of Digital and analog communication technology The main difference between analog and digital communication technology is the difference between the concepts of "discrete time" and "continuous time". In case of the continuous time signals, it has values at the every point of time (Aguas-Martnez et al. 2016). On the other hand the discrete signals have discrete values and are based on samples. Sample represents the signal values between the two time points. Again the digital communication technology is mainly based on the discrete time signals (Okada et al. 2013). Moreover the signals in the digital communication technology is first sampled and then converted into the digital signals. Four key reasons to use the digital technology The digital communication technology is generally preferred in today telecommunication industry. There are several reasons behind this which can be stated as, a) Being more robust than the analog technology, thus it can be used in the noisy mediums. b) The digital signals can be packetized and transmitted through the packet network. This technique makes the whole communication process more reliable (Al-Mufti and Kalenahalli 2014). At the same time the output of the digital technology are also easy to store. c) The multiplexing process is much simpler in the digital process that in turn helps in reducing the cost related to it (Hausman and Sidak 2014). d) Several types of signals can be combined using digital communications technology, like audio, video, data, etc. Multiplexing and its various types Often it is seen that the capacity of a medium is much higher than the requirement of an individual user (Celandroni et al. 2013). Specifically it can be said that, the bandwidth of a medium is greater than the number of signals that is going to be transmitted in those mediums. The technical definition can be given by; Explanation and Analysis of the Technology of Multiplexing It is a way to transmitting multiple signals through a single transmission channel. By using a device known as multiplexer a finite number of signals are combined together to transmit over the medium and to use its full potential (Aguas-Martinez et al. 2016). At the other end another device known as demultiplexer is used to separate each and every signal by using the filtering process. In general there are three types of multiplexing are used in the telecommunication. These are a) Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), b) Time division multiplexing (TDM, and c) Wave division multiplexing (WDM). TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) The TDM is about using the transmission media or channel to send the signal depending upon the time slots (Hausman and Sidak 2014). In this technique a time slot is assigned for each of the signals. In this technique several low speed channels are multiplexed into a high-speed channel. Figure 3: TDM (Source: Loomis and Wiedman 2012, pp-53) FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) The FDM works primarily on the analog signals and their combination. In this multiplexing technique, signals are generated by transferring different device-modulated carrier frequencies. These modulated signals are then combined into one signal that can be transferred through the transmission media. Figure 4: TDM (Source: Hausman and Sidak 2014, pp-29) WDM (Wave Division Multiplexing) Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is the most promising concept in the multiplexing technology. This multiplexing technology uses the multiplexer at the transmitter to combine the signals and a demultiplexer at the receivers end. Figure 5: WDM (Source: Aguas-Martnez et al. 2016 pp-98) Definition of Digital carrier system, Backbone Transmission Networks and Optical Networks Digital Carrier System The digital carrier system can be thought as the medium whichcarriesdigital signals. It is equivalenttothephysical layer oftheOSImodelof networks (Hausman and Sidak 2014). The Carrierscanbe categorized into two categories which are baseband and broadband.Abasebandcarrier includes directcurrent. On the other hand broadband carriers are mainly modulated by various methods into frequency bands. Backbone Transmission Networks As the human backbone helps in providing the sensory signals to the different body parts of the through the smaller nerves, in the similar way the network backbone transmission network helps in carrying the data to the smaller lines of transmission. These backbones can connect several numbers of local area networks and helps in building a wide area network. Figure 6: Backbone transmission network (Source: Al-Mufti and Kalenahalli 2014, pp-72) Optical networks An optical network can be defined as a communication network that is built with optical fiber technology for the higher capacity and the speed of it. This network uses the optical fiber cables as the primary medium for conversion and the transmission of the data (Celandroni et al. 2013). By using an optical transmitter the electric signals are converted into the light pulses that can be sent over the optical fiber. Application of the above three technologies in the modern telecommunications Application of the digital career system- The digital career system helps in connecting the local area network to build the wide area network (Hausman and Sidak 2014). This wide area network helps the local area networks with the larger network like the internet. Application of the network backbone transmission- The network backbone transmission helps in transmitting the information or the signal to the smaller transmission channels that are comprised under a larger network system (Belle et al. 2014). The backbone transmission network also provides support to the local area network and metro area network. Application of optical networks - The optical fiber network helped the modern telecommunication industry to increase the transmission speed of the information or the signal. Now, the signal can be sent at the speed of light. Identification and Discussion on Major Wireless Technologies There are three major wireless technologies are in use in the modern telecommunication technology (Hausman and Sidak 2014). These are satellite communication technology, Bluetooth technology, wireless networking technology and the infrared technology. Satellite technology and the use of the GPS The satellite technology is one of the hugely spread technology all over the world. It helps its users to stay connected irrespective of their geographical position (Al-Mufti and Kalenahalli 2014). In this technology the user devices directly communicate with the orbiting satellites using the radio signals. Using the satellite technology and the GPS service it is possible to control the different mobile units like the delivery trucks from a centralized controlling location. Bluetooth technology The Bluetooth technology allows the user to create a connection between different electronic user devices wirelessly. After the connection is established then the users can share and transfer data between them (Celandroni et al. 2013). This technology generally connects the devices which are in certain range (20-50 feet). Infrared technology The infrared technology is used in the transmission system that transmits information signals using LEDs (light emitting diodes) or Lasers (Hausman and Sidak 2014). This technology uses electromagnetic energy. This energy uses a wavelength that is greater than the red light. This technology can provide speed from 100Kbps to 16Mbps. Impact of mobile voice and data communication on the business environment The profitability and the productivity of a business depend on the effectiveness and efficiency of the different operations in the organization. The business environment is globalized now; as result of it the organizations have the offices or branches to maintain the local business of the organization (Belle et al. 2014). Like the internet channel helped the customers to get their required products or services at their fingertips. They can order and get their products as per their wish. Also by the use of communication technology it is possible to track the shipment from the supplier. Key industries in the telecommunication center The key industries in the telecommunication sector are the service providers, wireless service providers, satellite telecommunication service providers, internet service providers, customer premise equipment development industry, network related and fiber optic manufacturing industry, satellite communication equipment development industry (Hausman and Sidak 2014). Examples of business organizations Service provider organization: O2 (A joint venture of BT group and Securicor) Internet service provider: TalkTalk Customer premise equipment development: British Glass Satellite communication equipment development: Spectra UK Ltd Customer premise equipment manufacturing: Binatone Business strategy of the organizations Strategy of O2: The business strategy of O2 mainly focuses on the quality customers and not on the quantity of the customers. The telecom industry is one of the rapidly growing industries of UK (Bell et al. 2014). The business strategies of O2 are to sell and provide more and more services to the existing customers than acquiring the new customers. Strategy of TalkTalk: The organization mainly concentrates on enhancing the customer experience. Campaigns are planned by targeting a specific segment of users. Strategy of British Glass: The organization takes initiative to introduce strong leadership in the organization to have increased productivity and profitability in its business. Strategy of Spectra UK Ltd: The organization provides services that are impartial and have the lowest prices compared to the other providers (Hausman and Sidak 2014). Also the organization uses trained engineers to provide efficient and quality services. Strategy of Binatone: To deliver the quality services to its consumers Binatone tries to implement new solutions that can manage the day to day maintenance of their network (Bruno and Manello 2015). The leaders of the organizations try to take care of the activities that are happening in the network, so that they can take faster decisions to solve any problem. Key areas of equipment and technology development Today the telecommunication is an important aspect of personal and business life. It helps in governing the way organizations do their business or a person interact with their dear ones .The telecommunication technology has evolved dramatically with respect to the last decade (Bell et al. 2014). The broadband revolution is now helping the business organizations to get the required data in seconds from the other end of the world. The other stakeholders like the subsystem and equipment manufacturers helps in completing the networks. Development Trends The revenue of the fixed voice services are declining day by day, at the same time the revenue from the mobile services has increased accordingly (Bruno and Manello 2015). Also this era of telecommunication is considered as the golden age of mobile broadband. It is expected that the number of mobile broadband users are going to be increased by 10 fold in the coming 5 years. Also the use of the HSPA/LTE is getting increased day by day in UK. This increase helps in providing better services to the consumers Conclusion As discussed in the above sections it can be concluded that the telecommunication technology has covered a long way from the smoke signals to the Internet. With all this improvements, the risks of failure related to the different communication channels are also a topic of serious concern. 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